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Melanoma is a type of cancer, typically skin cancer; it develops from the melanin-producing cells known as melanocytes.[1] It typically occurs in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye (uveal melanoma).[1][2] In very rare cases melanoma can also happen in the lung, which is known as primary pulmonary melanoma and only happens in 0.01% of primary lung tumors.[7]

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Breast cancer is a disease where malignant cells grow uncontrollably in the breast tissue, forming a tumor. Common symptoms include a new lump, skin changes like dimpling or redness, nipple discharge, or a change in the breast's size or shape. Diagnosis typically involves physical exams and screening mammograms, and treatment options vary depending on the cancer's stage and type, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy

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The most common type of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for about 80-85% of cases. Within NSCLC, the most common subtype is adenocarcinoma, which is also the most frequent type of lung cancer in non-smokers.

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Secondary (metastatic) brain tumors are cancers that have spread to the brain from another part of the body, and are more common than primary brain tumors. The most frequent sources of this type of metastasis are lung, breast, colon, kidney, and skin cancers. Symptoms can vary depending on the tumor's size and location and may include headaches, seizures, vision problems, vomiting, or changes in mental state

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Medulloblastoma is a fast-growing, malignant brain tumor that is most common in children and develops in the cerebellum. Symptoms include headaches, nausea, vomiting, and problems with balance or vision, often caused by a buildup of pressure in the brain. Diagnosis involves MRI and biopsy, with treatment typically combining surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, although survival rates are improving

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An acoustic neuroma is a type of schwannoma, specifically a non-cancerous tumor that forms on the vestibulocochlear nerve, which controls hearing and balance. Schwannomas are tumors that develop from Schwann cells, which can grow on any peripheral or cranial nerve. Therefore, an acoustic neuroma is a specific, and the most common, type of schwannoma that develops in the brainstem area.

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