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Here’s a complete, detailed, and blog-ready overview of Cefditoren (Cefditoren Pivoxil) — including its uses, mechanism, dosage, side effects, and more. You can copy-paste or format it directly for your blog.

Cefditoren (Cefditoren Pivoxil) – Complete Overview

Introduction

Cefditoren, also known by its full name Cefditoren Pivoxil, is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic belonging to the beta-lactam group. It is a broad-spectrum oral antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including some strains resistant to other antibiotics. It is most commonly used for treating community-acquired pneumonia, bronchitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and skin infections.

Classification

  • Drug Class: Cephalosporin antibiotic (third-generation)

  • Subclass: Beta-lactam antibiotic

  • Generic Name: Cefditoren Pivoxil

  • Brand Names: Spectracef, Meiact, Cefditoren, others

  • Route of Administration: Oral (by mouth)

Mechanism of Action

Cefditoren works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, preventing the formation of the peptidoglycan layer — an essential component for bacterial structural integrity. Without this layer, the bacterial cell weakens and eventually bursts (lysis), leading to its death.

This mechanism is similar to other beta-lactam antibiotics, but cefditoren has a broader spectrum and better resistance to beta-lactamase enzymes (enzymes produced by bacteria to destroy beta-lactam antibiotics).

Spectrum of Activity

Effective Against:

  • Gram-positive bacteria:

    • Streptococcus pneumoniae

    • Streptococcus pyogenes

    • Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible)

  • Gram-negative bacteria:

    • Haemophilus influenzae

    • Moraxella catarrhalis

    • Escherichia coli

    • Klebsiella pneumoniae

    • Proteus mirabilis

Not Effective Against:

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Enterococcus species

  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Therapeutic Uses

Cefditoren is prescribed for several bacterial infections, particularly of the respiratory tract and skin:

  1. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
    Effective in treating mild to moderate pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae.

  2. Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (AECB)
    Helps in reducing bacterial load and improving symptoms.

  3. Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis
    Used when caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

  4. Skin and Skin Structure Infections
    Treats mild to moderate infections caused by S. aureus and S. pyogenes.

Dosage and Administration

  • Adults and adolescents (≥12 years):

    • 200 mg every 12 hours for pharyngitis, tonsillitis, or skin infections.

    • 400 mg every 12 hours for bronchitis or pneumonia.

  • Children:
    Cefditoren is not recommended for children under 12 years due to limited data.

  • Duration of therapy:
    Typically 10–14 days, depending on the infection and clinical response.

  • Administration advice:

    • Take with meals to improve absorption.

    • Swallow the tablet whole — do not crush or chew.

Pharmacokinetics

Parameter Description
Absorption Enhanced with food intake
Bioavailability ~14–16% (increased with high-fat meal)
Protein Binding ~88% bound to plasma proteins
Metabolism Hydrolyzed to active cefditoren in the intestine
Elimination Excreted primarily via urine
Half-life Approximately 1.5 hours

Side Effects

Like all antibiotics, cefditoren may cause mild to moderate side effects in some individuals.

Common Side Effects:

  • Diarrhea

  • Nausea or vomiting

  • Abdominal pain

  • Headache

  • Mild rash or itching

Serious Side Effects (rare):

  • Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)

  • Pseudomembranous colitis (bloody or watery diarrhea)

  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome (very rare skin reaction)

  • Elevated liver enzymes (in prolonged use)

If any serious side effects occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.

Warnings and Precautions

  • Allergy: Do not use if allergic to cefditoren, penicillin, or other beta-lactam antibiotics.

  • Renal impairment: Dosage adjustment may be required in patients with kidney problems.

  • Pediatric use: Not recommended for children under 12 years.

  • Pregnancy and lactation: Use only if clearly needed and prescribed by a doctor.

  • Superinfection risk: Prolonged use may cause fungal or resistant bacterial overgrowth.

Drug Interactions

Cefditoren may interact with:

  • Antacids (especially those containing magnesium or aluminum) — reduce absorption.

  • Probenecid — increases blood levels of cefditoren.

  • Iron supplements or iron-rich foods — can interfere with absorption.

Tip: Take iron supplements or antacids at least 2 hours before or after cefditoren.

Resistance Considerations

While cefditoren is resistant to many beta-lactamases, certain bacteria may still develop resistance due to:

  • Altered PBPs

  • Efflux mechanisms

  • Enzymatic degradation

Therefore, cefditoren should be used only when prescribed by a healthcare provider, after confirming bacterial susceptibility.

Storage

  • Store below 25°C (77°F).

  • Keep away from moisture, direct sunlight, and heat.

  • Keep out of reach of children.

Summary

Feature Description
Drug Name Cefditoren Pivoxil
Drug Class Third-generation cephalosporin
Route Oral
Primary Use Community-acquired pneumonia, bronchitis, skin infections
Spectrum Broad – Gram-positive & Gram-negative bacteria
Common Side Effects Diarrhea, nausea, rash
Contraindicated In Beta-lactam allergy, severe renal disease
Pregnancy Category Use with caution

Conclusion

Cefditoren Pivoxil is a broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin antibiotic highly effective in treating various respiratory and skin infections caused by bacteria resistant to other drugs. When taken under medical supervision and with food, it provides excellent therapeutic outcomes with minimal side effects. However, unnecessary or prolonged use should be avoided to prevent antibiotic resistance.

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